رسالة د. كهلان الخروصي
الجزء ١ · صفحة ٤٠`Umar on the situation in Mecca during the confrontation between `Abd All~h b. al-Zubayr and `Abd al-Malik b. Marw~n(1) (73/692)، and his advice to Muj~hid not to enter Mecca as the people there have turned “kuff~r smiting each other’s necks”. This statement of Ibn `Umar not only summarizes the Ib~‡‚ view(2) on that incident but apparently provides phraseology that legitimises the use of kuff~r(3) when describing what had happened or who had been involved. Of similar substance also is tradition [290] which also reports that `Abd All~h b. `Umar asked a group of people – probably some of his students – who were used to visiting leaders and Umayyad caliphs of that time، what they said to them when visiting them. They said: 'We say what pleases the caliph'، Ibn `Umar then replied to them that 'by God this is nif~q (hypocrisy)'.
(1) See Ibn Kath‚r: al-Bid~yah wa l-nnih~yah، vol.8/329-33 (Egypt، Ma\ba`at al-Sa`~dah).
(2) For general view of the participation of so called Khaw~rij on this particular confrontation between Ibn al-Zubayr and `Abd al-Malik b. Marw~n see al-Bakk~y، L. ™arakat al-Khaw~rij، (Beirut، 2001) p.100-4.
(3) This phrase has influenced many writers to include Ib~d‚s among the Khaw~rij regardless of the crucial difference in the meaning and therefore the implications of this term between Ib~‡‚s and Khaw~rij. For Ib~‡‚s it can either be used for unbelieving and for being ungrateful. Cf. Crone، P. and Zimmermann، F. The Epistle of S~lim b. Dhakw~n; Oxford University Press: 2001، pp. 195، 198-203 and Cook، M. Early Muslim dogma، p.64-5.