تاريخ إباضية تمازغا

Late Mohammed Shohroor innovated a serious approach for the reading of the Holy Text، which I applied on the historical material of this work. This brought about many wonderful revelations in the interpretation of the names and clarification of events and facts to make them look like amazing realities. Similarly، the approach developed by Kamal Salibi provided a new reading of the texts of the Torah by comparing the names of places، which led him to believe that the Torah came from the Arabian Peninsula; and that the Jewish religion appeared in Assir areas. Thus، he related the text to its geographical origin after centuries of doubt and illusion between the Nile and the Euphrates; which do not match with it. These serious flow consequences made me modify the historical beliefs to which we have been accustomed and which moved our orientation to an optimal position after centuries of disorientation. This also gives us an effective approach to reconsider the "historical material" which was affected by erosion.

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"The study of names of place serves in its own way the same purpose reserved to the field of Archaeology، with one important difference، which is that archaeological discoveries are mute findings، unless they have inscriptions، while the speaking names of places do not only tell us what they are، but they also teach us how they are actually pronounced، their actual meaning، the language or the typological classification of the language they come from … [because] the names of places freeze the movement of history "(Kamal Salibi، Ettawrat Jaat Min Jaziret Al Arab، p. 45).

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I tried to read the historical texts related to the Islamic history of Tamazgha، ask noted above، guided by the Tamazight language as the only key to the appropriate understanding of the names of places، cities and people. It was clear to me that any objective researcher of the history of Tamazgha cannot ignore Tamazight -Awal Amazighen- the noble language، deeply carved in the conscience "Avkan"; the Amazigh individual who is in a sacred intimacy with it، very similar to what he/she feels towards his/her mother and homeland: Tamurt. Unlike the official Roman، Phoenician and Arabic languages، Tamazight is a highly emotional sacred language. This is what explains why it withstood along these centuries of domination. Names passed from one generation to another، and they maintained their infrastructure، even after most of the people changed into an Arab identity and some of them tried to read original names in Arabic. These innovators invented phonological

similarities and made rules based on fake stories، very similar to those employed by Koranic school tutors and preachers in their attempt to explain a grammatical rule or create an emotional sympathy for the people; an analogy very much similar to the causative explanation of the revelation of the Koranic verses.

Oh safa koss! [Safa، carry on cutting!]' was the call repeated by the builder of the town of Sfax addressing his servant who was cutting the bull's leather into very thin stripes. This was a legendary explanation of how this town was built. However، in reality 'Sifax' means 'guarded' and 'protected' in Tamazight and refers to the famous Amazigh king.

The same thing happened to the name of the grandfather of the village of Ghomrassen and his brother "Terhune. The former 'gham rassu' [he covered his head] and slept، after a sharp disagreement among his brothers. When Terhun، suffering from a speech impairment، found himself in isolation he kept repeating the expression 'khouti tarhouni' [my brothers hated me]. He settled in what is now known as Tarhuna. Whereas، this explanation was based on a deficiency in the grandfather's articulation، the 'n' in the word Ghomrassen was sacrificed by the former and the name remained Tamazight. In reality، 'Ighmrassen' and 'iterhan' were two Hawari brothers. They were neighbours as well. The story was initially built on an accurate account، but it added to the fabric a strange ribbon in order to fit for the Arabization. The names of places and tribes were explained using popular stories of this kind، based on linguistic borrowing within the growth of the everyday language.

Tamazight names witnessed various forms of distortion and they were phonologically subjected to the official language. Then، they were interpreted with reference to that language. Hence، the county of 'Trablus'، as it is still pronounced by its own people was realized as Tripolis by the Romans. However، it refers to the very old concept of 'Terbella' in Djerba، which means 'passageway'. This meaning is older than Rome itself and has nothing to do with the idea of the three cities.

The same thing happened to the city of "Kairouan"، Akrwan، which means: complex or assembly. The Arabs pronounced it 'Kairouan'، 'Garwan' and it was first interpreted by the Persian "Karwan" [caravan]، meaning 'big tent'، which resembles